Types of Leather - A Glossary
There are many words companies use to describe the types of leather they sell. To help demystify things, we've created this straightforward glossary to defined some of the terms leather buyers are likely to encounter.Bonded Leather
Known as the lowest of the grades of leather, bonded leather is made from production leftovers. Also referred to as reconstituted or blended, this material must contain at least fifty percent animal hide. Created through an extensive process, bonded leather consists of shredded fibers and hide scraps. After combining these pieces with a bonding solution like polyurethane or latex, the mixture is spread onto a paper or cloth backing. Once this step is complete, bonded leather can be embossed with a leather-like texture. Bonded leather is not as strong as top grain or even genuine leather. As such, manufacturers typically use it as a less visible component in their products. Common uses include soles and heels for shoes, textile linings, and book covers.Bridle Leather
Bridle leather is the result of an in-depth tanning technique. Made using only the highest quality cowhide, this type of leather is smooth, flexible, and comfortable. Crafting bridle leather is time-consuming and intensive, so using materials that are free of flaws or defects is critical. During the tanning process, the hide is saturated with grease, then waxed and dyed to give it a rich, glossy look. The finished item is stiff at first, but it becomes more pliable and develops a unique patina over time. As the name suggests, bridle leather was originally designed for use in the equestrian trade. Due to its strength and firmness, it also makes high-quality belts, straps, and gun holsters.
Deerskin Leather
Versatile as well as comfortable, deerskin leather is the tanned hide of a deer. Since it can be difficult to work with, this high-end product is not mass produced. Several characteristics draw people to deerskin leather. This light, thin material has plenty of stretch, so it is easy to shape and allows for some airflow. Despite its lean and supple feel, it is also among the most durable types of leather. Deerskin retains its original, soft texture even after it gets wet and dries. This malleable leather is a favorite of high-end fashion houses. Designers often use deerskin for handbags, shoes, and coats. Although not water resistant, these products last a long time with proper care.
Full Grain Leather
Full grain is the longest lasting, highest quality grade of leather available. It holds the pattern of the animal's skin and has a soft, natural look and warm feel. Because it comes from the top layer of the cow's hide, full grain leather is stronger and more breathable than others. Never sanded or buffed, the surface keeps its unique characteristics, including small imperfections like pores, wrinkles, and scars. Minimal processing preserves the skin's tension, allowing it to keep its moisture-resistant barrier. The enduring superiority of full grain leather makes it an ideal choice for top-of-the-line handbags, briefcases, shoes, and any bag or accessory that gets heavy use. Full grain pieces also develop a lovely, rich patina over time.
Genuine Leather
Corrected grain leather, or "genuine leather", is at the third tier when it comes to quality. This type of leather feels stiff and cold when compared to high-grade pieces. Removing the two outermost layers of the hide leaves an intermediate section, which is the part used for genuine leather. An artificial texture and color spray treatment is applied to create a natural look. Genuine leather is an affordable alternative to high-end options. As such, this leather works well for everything from backpacks to briefcases, but it is far less durable than full or top grain.
Goatskin Leather
Goatskin leather, also known as Morocco leather, makes up nine percent of the world's supply. Though the majority of the industry works with cowhide, goat leather has a wide range of uses. Lanolin, which occurs naturally in the goat's skin, keeps this leather supple and minimizes the need for maintenance. Not only does this natural moisturizer help the hide stay soft and durable, but it also creates a water-resistant surface. The final product is warm, breathable, and lightweight. Long-lasting, sturdy, and attractive, goatskin leather is used primarily for clothes, gloves, and bags, though some manufacturers will integrate it into shoes or book covers.